What is the issue?
As socio-political & economic realities do not favour the prospects of renewable, an out of the box thinking for policy making is needed.
How does the energy scenario look?
- All major studies agree that coal is a dirty fuel and to tackle the problem of climate change, the government must exponentially increase the generation of renewables.
- But they also agree that renewables cannot replace coal as the bulwark of the energy system in the foreseeable future.
- Studies estimate that even by 2040, fossil fuels (coal, oil, gas) will together continue to contribute between 70 to 80% of our primary energy requirements.
- As coal offers the cheapest source of energy, electricity infrastructure is built around this fuel.
- Alternatives are not competitive enough and politicians & labour unions make it more difficult to substantively replace this fuel.
How is the problem on the pollution front?
- 13 of our cities rank amongst the most polluted in the world and India is touted to soon overtake China as the world leader in number of deaths caused by respiratory illness.
- Our per capita energy consumption is 521 kgs of oil equivalent currently and is expected to more than double by 2040.
- Nearly a billion people would be looking at internal combustion engines for mobility, which will drastically aggravate pollution.
What has been the evolving policy scenario?
- The studies - All major studies have emphasised the importance of pushing India onto a low carbon pathway.
- Most recommend the government to create an enabling ecosystems for augmentation of renewable energy and the development of clean energy technologies.
- New Technologies - The TERI/Shell report has outlined certain “horizon technologies” that warranted particular focus.
- These technologies as outlied were - 3rd generation bio-energy, advanced nuclear, coal gasification, geothermal, hydrogen fuel cells, high speed railways etc.
- Coal’s Indispensability - But notwithstanding the greatest of efforts to promote renewable, the studies predominantly conclude that coal will continue to dominate the energy sector.
- Also, the “Cheif Economic Advisor – Mr.Subramanian”, in particular, cautioned against the hype on renewables.
- He pointed out that once the full cost of renewables are taken into account, there is little prospect of renewables achieving cost parity with coal in the foreseeable future.
- Even after considering the social costs of the GHG emissions emitted by coal, it seems to still hold its ground.
Can we afford to give up coal?
- India is the only Country where energy demand is expected to continuously rise.
- A quarter of our population does not have access to electricity, 40 per cent still use firewood and dung for cooking and lighting.
- Against this backdrop, giving up coal would be politically, economically and socially naive.
- Hence, the government should augment coal production along with supporting renewable inorder to meet the growing energy needs.
How can we best approach the future?
- While continuing to use coal, the best way is to be able to muster the courage to dream of a very different energy future.
- Decision makers should engage with our energy sector with more radical imagination and break out of the conventional moulds.
Socurce: Busniess Standard
