What is the issue?
- Prices of petroleum products are in a rising trend in recent months, calling for action by the government.
- But the Centre has some compelling reasons to not interfere with the prices.
Why is interference not feasible?
- Over 80% of consumption needs are dependent on imports.
- This undermines our capacity to determine its prices.
- Petrol and diesel cost increase by Rs 0.50/litre with one-dollar increase in the international price of crude oil.
- Likewise, it increases by Rs 0.65/litre with a fall in the exchange rate of the rupee against the US dollar.
- Thus, the price of petroleum products is largely externally determined, making any interference inadvisable.
Why is Centre's role limited?
- There is a concern that petroleum products are highly taxed in India.
- The demand is thus to bring down the excise duty by the Centre to control the spiralling prices.
- But it is estimated that a Rs 1 reduction in the excise duty would reduce revenue collection by Rs 14,000 crore.
- But India clearly needs this revenue for catalysing economic growth and providing social security.
- As, a large component of central government duties on petroleum products is given to state governments.
- The rest is spent on centrally-sponsored welfare schemes in the states.
- Thus, the total amount transferred by the Centre to the states comes to around 75% of the collections.
What can states do in this regard?
- Higher prices are likely to reduce consumption.
- So, if the consumption falls, the tax collected by the Centre also goes down.
- This is because taxes imposed by the Centre are specific i.e. fixed in terms of Rs per unit.
- On the other hand, the states tax the oil on ad valorem basis.
- This means that the tax is based on the assessed value of the commodity.
- So, with increasing petroleum prices, states' tax collection correspondingly goes up.
- Thus, the states could make a 10-15% duty cut and still get the same amount of tax revenue as budgeted.
- Therefore, the call for reduction in taxes on petroleum products applies more to the states than to the Centre.
What is the way forward?
- The long-term solution to this problem is to change the share of petroleum products in energy consumption mix.
- India needs to generate more energy from coal and lignite which is abundant in the country.
- It should also focus on electricity generation from hydro, nuclear and other renewable sources.
Source: Indian Express
