What is the issue?
- The idea of “strategic autonomy” was for long central to Indian foreign policy discourse after the Cold War.
- But now, there is a new enthusiasm for independent foreign and security policies among many other countries.
What are the recent developments?
- Idea - The debate on strategic autonomy has been most vocal in the European Union.
- It is also beginning to acquire some traction among Asian allies like Japan, South Korea and Australia.
- Europe feels that it could no longer rely on U.S. alone for its security.
- It is felt that Europe should take its destiny into its own hands and become a credible sovereign actor on the global stage.
- Measures - The EU has unveiled an ambitious agenda for common defence.
- This includes -
- Permanent Structured Security Cooperation under the common security and defence policy
- development of a joint interventionary force
- the establishment of a $15-billion European Defence Fund
- Moreover, strategic autonomy and nuclear weapons are often seen as two sides of the same coin.
- France and the U.K. have been talking for a while of pooling their nuclear resources for a “European deterrent force”.
- Germany, despite its long-standing nuclear aversion, has now begun to debate the merits of a German nuclear option.
How is the U.S. a reason for these?
- The new emphasis on autonomy is more a result of unprecedented pressure from the U S.
- The U.S. President Trump is questioning the need for America's efforts and costs in protecting its rich allies in Europe and Asia.
- The importance of America paying for the maintenance of the “liberal international order” is given least thought.
- Trump is also conscious of ensuring US alliance commitments in Europe and Asia.
- This has begun to compel the US allies to reflect on the need for strategic autonomy.
What is the case with India?
- It is claimed in India that “strategic autonomy” is a general and fundamental principle of India’s foreign policy.
- However, it tends to be invoked only in relation to the United States and never in the discussion of the ties with Russia or China.
- U.S. is now more aligned with India on key regional and global interests than Russia or China.
- These include the issues on Pakistan, cross-border terrorism and security in the Indo-Pacific.
- Under the present government, India has begun to take a more practical view of “strategic autonomy”.
- It has shed some of the inhibitions against security cooperation with the West.
- The Defence partnerships with the US and France have finally begun to gain progress.
- Nevertheless, the residual legacy of “strategic autonomy” is raised to limit India's deeper engagement with the US.
What is the significance now?
- In India's case, it is the fear of American “entrapment” that was a driving factor for its thinking on “strategic autonomy.”
- On the other hand, it is the fear of US “abandonment” that shapes the present European debate.
- Trump’s “America First” policy would not have mattered for US allies if Europe and Asia were at peace with themselves.
- But they are not at present.
- The assertiveness of Russia in Europe and China in Asia and the deepening alliance between them are evident.
- These add to the pressures on not just the US allies but also India.
What is the way forward?
- India must end its neglect of existing European structures like NATO, and pay attention to the emerging defence institutions.
- The EU, on its part, must begin to integrate India into its security framework.
- Deepening defence partnership is a good way to enhance the strategic autonomy of India and Europe in an uncertain world.
Source: Indian Express