National Crime Records Bureau (NCRB)
- NCRB is an Indian government agency responsible for collecting and analysing crime data as defined by the Indian Penal Code.
- It is part of the Ministry of Home Affairs (MHA) and headquartered in New Delhi.
- The MHA has entrusted NCRB with a renewed mandate for the Crime and Criminal Tracking Network and Systems (CCTNS) Project connecting around 12800 police stations to allow search for a criminal / suspect on a national data base.
- NCRB also compiles and publishes National Crime Statistics i.e. Crime in India, Accidental Deaths & Suicides, Prison Statistics and Finger Prints.
Time crystals
- They are hypothetical structures that have movement without spending energy i.e they appear to have movement even at their lowest energy state, known as a ground state.
- Normally, the atoms of crystals are arranged in orderly 3D patterns that repeat within space.
- But in time crystals atoms are arranged in patterns that repeat in time as well.
- So the atoms would be moving at a certain rate and never settle to a thermal equilibrium i.e they will remain in a non-equilibrium phase.
- This ability violates a fundamental symmetry in physics called time-translation symmetry i.e the laws of physics must work in the same way in all places and all times.
- Recently two separate teams of physicists described ways of actually creating such structures.
- Being able to create them would mean a leap forward in creating quantum computers i.e a computer which makes use of the quantum states of subatomic particles to store information.
Superfluids
- Superfluids are fluids with zero viscosity i.e they flow without loss of kinetic energy.
- When stirred a superfluid forms cellular vortices that continue to rotate indefinitely.
- Superfluidity occurs in two isotopes of helium (helium-3 and helium-4) when they are liquified by cooling to cryogenic temperatures.
