Why in news?
Gujarat has witnessed the violence against Hindi-speaking migrants recently.
What is the background?
- A child was allegedly raped by a man from Bihar.
- This has triggered the violence against Hindi-speaking migrants.
- The alleged rapist had been arrested on the same day.
- However, incidents of “revenge attacks” against “non-Gujaratis” were followed and has triggered a mass exodus to Bihar, UP and MP.
What are the larger problems?
- Though the child rape is the immediate trigger of violence, there are some structural issues regarding the employment scenario in Gujarat.
- As in other States, Gujarat is seeing increasing discontent over the lack of adequate jobs for young Gujarati people.
- The CMIE’s unemployment rate monthly time series shows that 4.6% of those surveyed and actively looking for work in Gujarat were not employed in September 2018.
- This is less than the national average (6.8%), but there has been a relative increase in this number since the previous year in Gujarat.
- Lack of job opportunities for the locals bubbled up the demand for limiting jobs for migrants and the associated resentment against ‘outsiders’.
How Gujarat benefitted from migrants?
- The Economic Survey in 2016-17 pointed out that Gujarat is among the States, including Tamil Nadu, Maharashtra and West Bengal, with the highest net in-migration of workers.
- It also found that States that were relatively better developed than the rest of the country were also host to more migrants.
- Migrants have played a vital role in greasing the wheels of growth by providing cheap labour in the many small and medium enterprises in the manufacturing and construction sectors.
- The industry and commerce associations in Gujarat have complained about the recent flight of migrants, with the festival season looming.
- This reflects the importance of migrant labour in Gujarat.
What were the governmental measures?
- According to a government resolution passed in March 1995, locals are defined as people living in the state for the last 15 years in Gujarat.
- The criterion has now been reduced to 7 years.
- As per the original resolution, all private, state and Central government entities in Gujarat have to ensure that 85% of jobs in the workers’ grade are reserved for local residents.
- The percentage can be 50% for managerial and supervisorial positions.
- The Gujarat government recently announced that it will soon introduce a law that mandates industries set up in the state to ensure that 80% of the workforce are Gujaratis.
- The rule is already present but currently there is no Act to back it up and penalise those who violate it.
- The government is also trying to fine-tune the definition of “domicile” in the state.
- The state government also plans to ensure that 25% of those hired are from the area or region where the industry is set up.
- However, 92% of the workforce (total 8.23 lakh jobs) were locals in about 4,700 large industrial units in the private sector in Gujarat.
- In the state government-controlled establishments, the percentage of locals was as high as 98.9.
What should the government do?
- The State must follow a more holistic policy of creating incentives for firms leading to greater employment, instead of merely dictating higher recruitment of locals.
- Nativist arguments against migrants neither serve the interest of the State concerned nor address the issue of ensuring job-oriented growth.
- Apart from steps to arrest the violence against the migrants and to stop the exodus, the Gujarat government must commit itself to a facilitating role for job-creation.
Source: The Hindu
