Mains: GSII – Polity & Governance
The Jan Vishwas (Amendment of Provisions) Bill, 2026 was introduced in Lok Sabha seeks to shift India’s regulatory approach from a punitive model to “trust-based governance.
Mains: GS III – Environment| GS IV – Ethics
In the context of recent conflicts in West Asia, particularly the US-Israel war on Iran, environmental damage is no longer episodic but cumulative and persistent and the environment has increasingly emerged as a silent yet significant casualty of modern warfare.
Mains: GS III – Environment| GS IV – Ethics
In the context of recent conflicts in West Asia, particularly the US-Israel war on Iran, environmental damage is no longer episodic but cumulative and persistent and the environment has increasingly emerged as a silent yet significant casualty of modern warfare.
Prelims: Current events of national and international importance | Energy & Infrastructure
Why in News?
Amid LPG shortages due to the West Asia conflict, many Indian households have shifted to induction and infrared cooktops.
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Induction vs Infrared Cooktops—Detailed Comparison |
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Feature |
Induction Cooktops |
Infrared Cooktops |
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Working Principle |
Uses rapidly changing electromagnetic field to directly heat ferromagnetic cookware. |
Uses heated coil/halogen element beneath glass surface to emit infrared radiation, which heats cookware indirectly. |
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Cookware Compatibility |
Requires ferromagnetic cookware (cast iron, magnetic stainless steel). Non‑magnetic vessels (aluminium, copper, glass) not compatible. |
Works with any cookware – steel, aluminium, ceramic, glass – no magnetic requirement. |
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Efficiency |
High - 85–95% electricity converted to heat (direct vessel heating). |
Moderate - 70–80% efficiency (heat lost during transfer from coil to glass to vessel). |
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Heat Control |
Precise control via power electronics (PWM, frequency adjustment); efficient even at low heat settings. |
Heat control via phase‑angle control (coil on/off cycles); less precise, distorts current waveform, lowers power factor. |
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Cooking Speed |
Faster heating due to direct energy transfer. |
Slower heating; coil warms first, then transfers heat. |
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Grid Impact |
More efficient, but concentrated cooking demand (morning/evening) can add 3–5 GW spikes. |
Lower efficiency + waveform distortion; leads to higher localised stress on distribution transformers. |
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Safety |
No open flame; surface remains relatively cool except under vessel. |
Coil/glass surface gets very hot; higher risk of burns. |
Reference
Prelims: Current events of national and international importance | Governance
Why in News?
The Department of Higher Education organized an interactive session on Indian Knowledge Systems (IKS) as part of Sadhana Saptah.
Mission Karma Yogi (National Programme for Civil Services Capacity Building – NPCSCB)
Mission Sadhana Saptah, 2026

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Karmayogi Geet |
Reinforces values of Seva, Kartavya, nation building. |
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Karmayogi Kshamata Connect |
Empowers frontline functionaries with digital awareness and national priorities. |
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Karmayogi Kartavya Karyakram |
Behavioural transformation initiative for 1.3 crore officials. |
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Trust‑Based Peer Assessment |
Links learning with real‑world application on iGOT platform. |
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AI‑Powered Case Study Suite (Amrit Gyan Kosh) |
Integrates real case studies into training and decision‑making. |
References
Prelims: Current events of national and international importance | Conservation
Why in News?
The Uttarakhand High Court has stayed the felling of oak trees in Mussoorie for construction by the Municipal Council.

Oaks are generally slow-growing trees, Himalayan Oaks can grow up to 10-35 metres.
Mexico has the largest number of oak species globally.

Reference
Prelims - Current events of national and international importance | Science & Technology
Why in News?
Researchers at the Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research (JNCASR), Bengaluru, have developed a frog-inspired neuromorphic sensor that responds to humidity and light.
Key Features -
Supramolecular nanofibers are one-dimensional nanostructures formed through the self-assembly of small molecules or polymers.

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Aspect |
Von Neumann Bottleneck (Conventional Systems) |
Frog-Inspired Neuromorphic Sensor |
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Data Handling |
Separate units for sensing, memory, and processing → requires constant data transfer. |
Integrates sensing, memory, and processing in a single platform. |
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Energy Use |
High energy consumption due to repeated transfer between CPU, memory, and sensor. |
Low energy use by computing at the source (edge computing). |
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Response Mode |
Always-on, continuous operation → drains battery. |
Event-driven response → fires only when stimulus detected. |
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Efficiency |
Slower, less efficient due to transfer delays. |
Brain-like efficiency → simultaneous sensing, storage, and processing. |
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Biological Analogy |
Mechanical separation of functions unlike natural systems. |
Mimics frog synapses → adaptive, moisture/light-sensitive behaviour. |
Reference
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