Border issue - It is rooted in the disputed status of the McMahon Line, which defines the border between India and Tibet.
There has not been a remarkable progress in resolving the border dispute between the two sides due to the importance of Aksai Chin to China and Arunachal Pradesh to India.
Dalai Lama - The presence of more than 1,00,000 Tibetans refugees in India and India’s continued willingness to provide shelter to the Dalai Lama is a continued source of irritation in China-India relations.
NSG - China is well-established within the global nuclear order with a veto power for granting memberships in nuclear suppliers group.
India certainly faces an uneven playing field on the issue of NSG membership.
Mazood Azhar - When India raised its concerns in UNSC, China was the only country among the 15-members to have opposed the ban on Jaish-e-Mohammad chief Masood Azhar
BRI - China considers the CPEC projects planned in Pakistan-occupied Kashmir for Gilgit-Baltistan as a part of the Belt and Road initiative due to concerns over “sovereignty” of India.
Doklam - China attempted to build a road construction by bringing in earthmovers and construction machines in the Doklam area of Bhutan.
The Indian Army had asked the PLA to stop the road construction activity that has resulted in a stand-off.
Territorial distress - Recent intrusions by PLA of china in Indian borders near J&K, Uttarakhand, and Arunachal Pradesh is also creating distress in Indian side.
Neighbourhood ties - China is strengthening its trade and defence ties with countries which are strategically important to India, it poses security threats to India.
What are the reasons for the issues?
Consequent change in the balance of power between India and China in South Asia.
Both promote the notion of a multi-polar world in which they want serve as bigger players alongside the United States.
India’s attitude towards cordial relations with China remains mixed.
How can these issues be addressed?
SAARC - India needs to rekindle the SAARC process in order to secure historical affinity with its neighbours.
Strategic agreements - Instead of starting from the historical issues, both countries can resolve the present issues.
Strategic plans may be devised so that long standing issues will be addressed.
Economical treaties - ‘Friendship and cooperation treaty’ and a free trade agreement (FTA) to boost bilateral relations.
Competitive coexistence - The promotion of business and people-centred connectivity and mutual confidence-building should be implemented.
India’s active participation in Chinese initiatives such has BRI, SCO, etc. across all distress will attracts the Chinese attention.
Mutual interest - The two countries have a common interest in curbing religious radicalism and terrorism, strategic dialogues can be pronounced on this mutual interests.
