Status of India's R&D

Why in news?

Sustainable funding for science and research is crucial for India’s journey towards becoming a science power by 2047.

What are the issues with India’s R&D?

• Low R&D spending- India’s R&D spending is among the lowest globally, inadequate funding hinders the country’s ambitious science and technology goals.
• Low private participation- The overreliance on public fund signals an immature financing system and a weak domestic market, it is due to low private sector contribution due to concerns about regulation, intellectual property rights etc.,
• Fund deficit- Anusandhan National Research Foundation (ANRF)has faced delays in implementation as the strategies for raining private sector fund remain unclear.

ANRF has been established under ANRF Act 2023 Act which aims to seed, grow and promote research and development (R&D) and foster a culture of research and innovation throughout India’s universities, colleges, research institutions, and R&D laboratories.

• Underutilization of budget-Ministries, such as the Department of Biotechnology and Department of Science and Technology, consistently under-utilize their allocated budgets.
• Patent ownership- Majority of the patents filed by India are owned by MNCs with less than 10% owned by Indian companies, it indicates a potential gap in indigenous innovation and technology development.

• Lack of collaboration- There is a weak linkage between academia and private industry in India compared to Europe or America.
• Diverse education standards- The Indian education system is diverse in standards, impacting the quality of research produced by universities.
• Skewed focus- Indian research is primarily skewed towards basic research and lacks application-oriented R&D.
• Weak enforcement of IPR- Inadequate enforcement of Intellectual Property Rights in some areas despite improvements in IPR regime.
• Non-Competitive global R&D- Despite a growing talent pool, Indian R&D remains globally non-competitive.

What can be done?

• Increase funding- India should aim for at least 3% of GDP annually until 2047 for meaningful impact on development.
• Political will- It is important to prioritize and increase R&D expenditure.
• Diversify funding sources- Encourage private sector participation through incentives like tax rebates and foreign direct investments.
• Simplify regulatory mechanisms- To build investor confidence streamline approval process as this would make India an attractive FDI destination in R&D.
• Capacity building- There is a need to enhance bureaucratic capacity for evaluating science projects.
• Regular inspection- There is a need to regularly monitor and evaluate the project utilization to prevent it from under-utilization.
• Provide incentives- The government can explore mechanisms to attract private investments by providing tax incentives.
• Prioritize R&D- The Ministry of Finance should recognize R&D as core element of India’s growth journey.
• Public sensitisation- The government should increase awareness among the public about the importance of sustainable funding for science.

Reference

The Hindu- Sustainable funding essential for India