The problem of AMR is advancing rapidly across the globe.
India needs an integrated health approach to address AMR.
What is AMR?
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is the broader term for resistance in different types of microorganisms, encompassing resistance to antibacterial, antiviral, anti-parasitic and antifungal drugs.
It occurs when microorganisms such as bacteria, viruses, fungi and parasites change in ways that render the medications used to cure the infections ineffective.
These resistant microorganisms are often referred to as “superbugs”.
This is a major concern because a resistant infection may kill, can spread to others, and imposes huge costs to individuals and society.
What should India’s approach be?
Increased access to health services - In the areas of both prevention and treatment it will boost overall population health and diminishes the spread of infectious bacteria.
This is especially important for poor or marginalised populations, many of whom lack adequate sanitation and hygiene and are at greater risk of bacterial infections.
Quality health services - This will result in the more rational use of antibiotics, which can decrease healthcare-associated bacterial infections.
Advances in antibiotic stewardship and infection control including the provision of adequate water, sanitation and hygiene can reduce infections occurring in health facilities.
Affordable healthcare policies - Stringent treatment guidelines and revised incentive schemes have significant potential to advance both the Universal Health Coverage and AMR agendas.
Such policies will reduce out-of-pocket expenditure, and help increase access to antimicrobial drugs.
Public Awareness - Dissemination of high-quality information and advice to public and health workers on the rational use of antibiotics will help them to treat ailments more efficiently and optimally.
