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One Liners 14-04-2025
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History, Art and Culture
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Jallianwala Bagh Massacre
On a recent occasion, the Prime Minister honored those who tragically lost their lives in the Jallianwala Bagh massacre of 1919.
- This horrific event unfolded on 1919, in Jallianwala Bagh, Amritsar.
- Tragedy – Hundreds of unarmed and peaceful civilians gathered to protest against the Rowlatt Act of 1919.
- Causes – The Gurkha British Indian army, acting under the command of Brigadier R.E.H. Dyer, carried out the brutal firing upon the defenseless crowd.
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Ambedkar Jayanti
Recently, India observed the 135th Dr. Ambedkar Jayanti on April 14th, 2025.
- It is observed annually to commemorate Dr. Ambedkar birth anniversary.
- Bhimrao Ramji Ambedkar, popularly known as Babasaheb was born in 1891 at Mhow, Central Province(now Madhya Pradesh).
- He was a renowned jurist, economist, and social reformer.
- He was the Chairman of the Drafting Committee for the new Constitution.
- He is known as the Father of the Indian Constitution and was the 1st, Law Minister.
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Polity & Governance
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The Hindu Code Bill
The Supreme Court recently recalled the first President’s power struggle over Hindu Code Bill in the Tamil Nadu’s Governor case.
- Introduced in – 1950, when Ambedkar was Law Minister.
- Objectives – To codify and modernize Hindu law, specifically focusing on granting enhanced rights to women.
- To equalize social laws between men and women within the Hindu community.
- Significance – It focused on issues like marriage, divorce, inheritance, and guardianship.
- It represents a crucial aspect of Ambedkar's vision for social reform.
- Role of the President – Dr. Rajendra Prasad had sought to assert his independent authority to withhold assent to the legislation.
- Jawhaharlal Nehru government had referred the issue to the Attorney General of India, MC Setalvad, for an opinion.
- Mr. Setalvad clarified that the role of the President under the Indian Constitution was analogous to that of the British monarch and he was expected to serve as a constitutional figurehead
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Kavach 5.0
Recently, the Railway Ministry announced the launch of 'Kavach 5.0 for Mumbai's suburban trains.
- Kavach – It is an indigenous Automatic Train Protection (ATP) system to enhance railway safety.
- Developed by – Research Designs & Standards Organisation (RDSO).
- Aim – To prevent train collisions and over speeding by automatically initiating brake application when necessary.
- Kavach 5.0 – It is a new and an advanced version, currently under development.
- It will be implemented to increase the number of Mumbai local trains by 30%.
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Karnataka Caste Census Report
Recently, the Caste Census Report was submitted to Karnataka Chief Minister, marking a significant step in the state's socio-economic landscape.
- Based on – Socio-Educational Survey, 2015, which was conducted by the Karnataka State Commission for Backward Classes in 2015.
- Aim – To develop and uplift the backward classes in Karnataka.
- Methodology – The Data was collected using 54 indicators, to understand the socio-economic conditions of various caste groups.
- Significance – It contains detailed social and economic indicators for non-SC/ST communities, including taluk-wise data and insights from secondary sources.
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International Relations and Issues
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Safeguard American Voter Eligibility (SAVE) Act
The United States (US) House of Representatives recently approved the SAVE Act.
- It is a Republican-backed bill, mandates that individuals provide proof of U.S. citizenship when registering to vote and to update the name or address changes.
- Objective – To enhance election integrity by preventing non-citizens from voting in U.S. elections.
- Existing federal law – It prohibits non-citizens from voting, with significant penalties in case of violations.
- Impact – It will affect new voter registrations.
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Sudan's Humanitarian Crisis
The United Nations stated that Sudan is currently facing worst humanitarian crisis, marked by extreme hunger affecting nearly half of its population.
- It is the world's largest humanitarian emergency, over 25 million people require urgent assistance.
- Causes – The ongoing civil war, is the primary cause of widespread suffering and immense humanitarian needs across the nation.
- Impacts – It has triggered mass displacement, over 8 million people to flee their homes within Sudan and an additional 4 million have sought refuge in neighbouring countries.
- Women and girls are disproportionately affected, facing heightened risks of gender-based violence and severe food insecurity.
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Security
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India's BM-04 Missile
India's DRDO recently unveiled the BM-04, a next-generation short-range ballistic missile (SRBM) akin to the Agni-P, specifically targeting Pakistan with conventional capabilities.
- Technical Specifications – The BM-04 is 10.2m long, weighs 11,500 kg, and has a 1,500 km range with a 500 kg conventional warhead and 30m CEP.
- It utilizes a two-stage solid-fuel system and a six-wheel Transporter Erector Launcher (TEL) for launch.
- Advanced Features – Likely a hypersonic missile with AI assistance, the BM-04 can be upgraded with new technologies.
- Its manoeuvrable re-entry vehicle that is designed to evade enemy air defences, enabling strikes on time-sensitive targets.
- Strategic Implications – A potential pre-emptive strike posture against Pakistan's military assets and critical infrastructure from a safer distance.
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Science
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Acoustic Test Facility (ATF)
Recently, the Underwater Acoustic Test Facility (ATF) at the National Institute of Ocean Technology (NIOT) has attained global recognition and international certification.
- Established in – 2004.
- It is the only facility accredited by the National Accreditation Board for Testing and Calibration Laboratories (NABL).
- Objective – To enhances ocean observation capabilities, supports tsunami detection systems, and reinforces national security.
- It includes precise testing and calibration of a wide range of underwater acoustic instruments such as hydrophones, transducers, and acoustic modems
- Significance – ATF is India’s only facility accredited by the National Accreditation Board for Testing and Calibration Laboratories (NABL) for hydrophone calibration.
- Underwater Acoustic Test Facility (ATF) – It is crucial for ensuring measurement accuracy across strategic sectors.
- In the field of underwater acoustics under the International Bureau of Weights and Measures (BIPM), Paris, have recognised the underwater ATF facility of CSIR-NPL.
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Affordable Medicines and Reliable Implants for Treatment (AMRIT) Pharmacy
Recently, the Union Minister of Health inaugurated the EHS Clinic and AMRIT Pharmacy in Bhubaneswar, Odisha.
- It is a pharmacy chain initiative of the Ministry of Health & Family Welfare.
- Operated by – HLL Lifecare Ltd.
- Objective – To provide essential medicines, life-saving drugs, and medical devices at affordable prices to the public.
- It provides a wide range of products, including specialised medicines for,
- Oncology and Cardiology, stents, orthopaedic implants, medical disposables, and a variety of branded and generic drugs at discounts of up to 50% on MRP.
- Significance – It supports tertiary healthcare facilities such as AIIMS, medical colleges, district hospitals and general hospitals across India.
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