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One Liners 25-03-2025
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History, Art and Culture
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Grand Memorial for Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj
Maharashtra government is taking efforts to honor Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj by establishing a grand memorial in Agra, a site of historical significance where Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj was held under house arrest by Mughal Emperor Aurangzeb.
- Historical Background - Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj, born in 1630 in Shivneri fort, Pune.
- Challenged - Mughal rule & Rule of Ali Adil shah of Bijapur.
- Agra Escape - In 1666, Aurangzeb detained him, who then escaped ingeniously.
- Maratha Empire - Shivaji Raja was officially crowned as Chhatrapati in 1674 in Raigad.
- Legacy and Purpose - The memorial will showcase Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj’s military genius and governance, educating visitors about Maratha history and his enduring legacy.
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Kishangarh's Legacy
March 19 commemorates the anniversary of the Muzhara movement, a significant agrarian struggle in Punjab.
- This movement began in the 1930s under British rule, aiming to secure ownership rights to land that farmers had cultivated for years.
- Muzara Movement's Origins - It was initiated in Punjab, where Jagridars sought a share of the farmers' crops, which would then be passed on to the Maharaja of Patiala and ultimately to the British.
- 1949 Kishangarh Clash - Post-independence, Maharaja's land allocation sparked farmer protests. A confrontation on March 19th led to casualties.
- PEPSU Province - Patiala and East Punjab States Union (PEPSU) formed in 1948, comprising eight princely states, including Patiala and parts of present-day Himachal Pradesh.
- Agrarian Reforms - The 1952 PEPSU Tenancy Act aimed to grant land ownership to tenants, addressing the movement's demands.
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Geography
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Mount Lewotobi Laki Erupts Violently
Located in island of Flores in East Nusa Tenggara province, Indonesia, experienced 3 significant eruptions on a single day.
- Categorized as - Stratovolcanoes.
- Huge Ash Plume - The eruptions generated an ash plume that rose to a height of 8,000 meters, leading officials to widen the danger zone surrounding the volcano.
- The volcano belongs to a dual-volcano system that the nearby inhabitants view as masculine and feminine peaks.
- The male volcano is called Lewotobi Lakilaki, whereas the female peak is referred to as Lewotobi Perempuan.
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Hemavathi River
Recent reports indicate that 2 young individuals drowned while swimming in the Hemavathi River.
- Tributary - Of the Kaveri River.
- Originating - In the Western Ghats near Ballala Rayana Durga in Karnataka's Chikmagalur District.
- Coverage - Flows through Tumkur & Hassan District, where it meets its main tributary, the Yagachi River, before continuing into Mysore District and eventually merging with the Kaveri at Krishnarajasagara.
- Hemavati Reservoir - located near Gorur village.
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Polity & Governance
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Central Government Plans Single Job Application Portal
Union government is developing a "Single Job Application Portal" to streamline the job search process for young people.
- Nodal agency- Ministry of Science and Technology
- Objective – Ease the burden on job seekers and save their time and energy" by eliminating the need to apply on multiple platforms.
- Recruitment Reforms – Average recruitment cycle to be significantly reduced from 15 months to 8 months.
- Recruitment exams are now conducted in 13 regional languages.
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International Relations and Issues
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Iran Unveils Missile Systems on Strategic Gulf Islands
Recently, Iran's Revolutionary Guards have deployed new missile systems on 3 strategic Gulf islands, Greater Tunb, Lesser Tunb, and Abu Musa near the Strait of Hormuz, a globally vital shipping lane.
- The weapons can target enemy bases, vessels, and assets.
- The deployment comes as Iran prepares to respond to a letter from US President Donald Trump urging resumption of nuclear talks.
- Iran has controlled the islands since 1971, despite their sovereignty being disputed with the UAE.
- The new systems can completely destroy any target within 600 kilometers.
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Environment
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Anthurium flowers
Recently India has achieved a significant milestone by exporting Anthurium flowers from Mizoram to Singapore for the 1st time, showcasing progress in the country's floriculture industry.
- Anthurium is a tropical plant celebrated for its ability to purify the air.
- Grown indoors- It effectively eliminates harmful substances such as formaldehyde, ammonia, toluene, xylene, and various allergens from the environment.
- Recognized by –NASA as one of the top air-purifying plants, highlighting its role in enhancing indoor air quality.
- Naturally grown - In the northeastern regions of India, including Mizoram, Meghalaya, and Arunachal Pradesh.
- Agricultural and Processed Food Products Export Development Authority (APEDA) - Operates under the Ministry of Commerce & Industry in India.
- Aims – At promoting & developing the export of agricultural and processed food items while creating global market connections for Indian products.
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Security
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India-France Bilateral Naval Exercise Varuna 2025
23rd edition of the India-France bilateral naval exercise, held in the Arabian Sea from March 19th to 22th.
- Exercise - Officially named 'Varuna' in 2001.
- Aims to - Enhance combat readiness, strengthen joint tactical coordination, deepen maritime security cooperation & also testing underwater domain awareness and tactics.
- Key highlights - Includes joint carrier battle group operations, advanced air defense drills, anti-submarine warfare exercises, surface warfare operations, maritime patrol aircraft, and logistics cooperation.
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Science
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GPS Spoofing
Between November 2023 and February 2025, 465 incidents of GPS interference and spoofing were reported in the Amritsar and Jammu border region.
- Spoofing attack – It is a cyberattack where fake data is disguised as coming from a trusted source to deceive systems or users.
- Types of spoofing
- GPS spoofing & IP spoofing – Is frequently employed to evade detection during the execution of Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) attacks.
- SMS spoofing & caller ID spoofing – Where communications, such as messages or calls, appear to come from an alternate number or caller ID.
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Noma: A Devastating Disease
Noma, or cancrum oris, is a severe gangrenous illness, primarily affecting young children.
- WHO Classification - It’s recognized as a neglected tropical disease by the World Health Organization (WHO).
- Geographic Prevalence - Most common in sub-Saharan Africa, with cases also in Asia and the Americas.
- Disease Characteristics - Rapid progression leads to severe disfigurement and social stigma.
- Risk Factors - Malnutrition, poor hygiene, infections, poverty, and weakened immunity, especially in HIV-positive children, increase vulnerability.
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