Post-Independence India

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KEY POINTS

·         Jawaharlal Nehru is renowned for his Gandhian approach in international affairs.

·         He advised the U.S., the then Soviet Union, and the other big powers to abjure force and work towards disarmament.

·         But, he was himself faced with a dilemma in 1961, whether or not to use force to liberate Goa.

What is Goa liberation movement?

·         The Portuguese colonised India in 1510, conquering many parts of the western coast and establishing several colonies in the east.

·         After Indian independence the Britain and France which colonised India started to decolonise and agreed to move back to their respective nations, but Portugal refused to leave its territories.

·         To end the Portuguese rule a movement was started which was built on the small scale revolts and uprisings and later grew powerful.

·         The movement was conducted both inside and outside Goa, and was characterised by a range of tactics including non-violent demonstrations, revolutionary methods and diplomatic efforts.

What necessitated Nehru?

·         A series of events during Goa liberation movement made India to take a violent stand.

·         From 1954, peaceful Satyagrahis attempts from outside Goa at forcing the Portuguese to leave Goa were brutally suppressed by Portuguese forces.

·         Many revolts were quelled by the use of force and leaders eliminated or jailed, innocent villagers were also open fired by the Portuguese forces.

·         As a result, India broke off diplomatic relations with Portugal, closed its Consulate-General in Panjim.

·         India also imposed an economic embargo against the territories of Portuguese Goa.

·         The Indian Government had taken the issues to global forums but Portuguese was refuted to abide any international resolutions.

·         The then PM Nehru found the policy of patience and adherence to international ethics had not yielded results, and he decided to free Goa by force.

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