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Prelim Bits 26-07-2019

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July 26, 2019

Rising dengue cases in Mumbai

  • Mumbai registered its first dengue death this year and already 71 dengue cases have been confirmed by the BMC.
  • Dengue is the fast emerging ‘mosquito-borne viral infection’.
  • It flourishes in urban poor areas, suburbs mostly in tropical and subtropical countries.
  • The dengue virus (DEN) comprises four distinct serotypes, which belong to the genus Flavivirus, family Flaviviridae.
  • The ‘Aedes aegypti’ mosquito is the main vector.
  • ‘Aedes aegypti’ mosquito breeds in freshwater. ( unlike Malaria mosquito (Anopheles) breeds in any water accumulating in open areas).
  • The breeding sites can be domestic atmosphere, under refrigerator plates, water containers, ACs in households.
  • The mosquito mainly acquires the virus while feeding on the blood of an infected person.
  • It develops severe flu-like symptoms which includes,
  1. Severe headache
  2. Pain behind the eyes
  3. Nausea, Vomiting
  4. Swollen glands
  5. Muscle and joint pains
  6. Rashes
  • In India it peaks from Monsoon every year.
  • It is prevalent in Maharashtra, Gujarat, Rajasthan, Delhi, Harayana, Punjab, West Bengal and most of southern India.
  • There is no specific treatment for dengue fever and the patients are advised to drink plenty of fluids.
  • Maintenance of the patient's circulating fluid volume is the central feature of such care.
  • The only current method of controlling dengue is to effectively combat the vector mosquitoes.
  • It is implemented using ‘Integrated Vector Management’ (IVM) approach.
  • IVM is a rational decision-making process for the optimal use of resources for vector control.
  • Dengue cases have been recorded by the ‘National Vector Borne Disease Control Programme’ (NVBDCP).

NVBDCP

  • It is the national level Technical Nodal office equipped with Technical Experts in the field of Public Health.
  • It functions under Ministry of Health and Family Welfare.
  • It is responsible for prevention and control of major Vector Borne Diseases.
  • It also helps in framing technical guidelines & policies, to guide the states for  Programme implementation.

Census data on Migrations

  • Census 2011 data on migration has been released recently.
  • When a person is enumerated in census at a different place than her/his place of birth, then she/he is considered a ‘migrant’.
  • Over 45.58 crore Indians were found to be “migrants” according to the Census 2011.
  • The bulk of the migration takes place within individual states.
  • Only 11.91% (5.43 crore) had moved to one state from another, while nearly 39.57 crore had moved within their states.
  • In that, ‘Women’ comprised two-thirds of the total migrant population.
  • Marriage and employment are the major reasons for migration.

 

  • U.P and Bihar have a disproportionately high number of out-migrants.
  • Migrants constitute more than one-third of the population in metros like Delhi and Mumbai.
  • U.P has the highest share of out-migrants while Maharashtra has the highest share of in-migrants
  • The 4 states U.P, Bihar, Rajasthan and Madhya Pradesh accounted for 50% of India’s total inter-state migrants.
  • The most common migration path was U.P to Delhi.
  • U.P to Maharashtra and Karnataka to Maharashtra are also among the top migration paths.
  • Gujarat, Haryana and Madhya Pradesh are among the top destinations to which people migrate.
  • Among southern States, Karnataka to Andhra Pradesh and Kerala to Tamil Nadu are the most common migration patterns.
  • Tamil Nadu had 16.5 lakh immigrants in Census 2011, the largest number in the south.
  • The northeast States are among those with the lowest numbers of immigrants.
  • The 8 northeast States together accounted for just 2% of the total immigrants.
  • In Assam, illegal migrations from Bangladesh, where 64,117 peoples’ last place of residence was in Bangladesh.
  • About 38% of the migration was from rural to urban areas, while urban to urban migration accounted for the second highest 32%.

Van Dhan Vikas Kendras

  • It is an initiative of the ‘Ministry of Tribal Affairs’ and TRIFED.
  • It seeks to improve the livelihood of tribal population by harnessing the incomes through wealth of forest.
  • ‘Van Dhan Vikas Karyakram’ is primarily a component under the Mechanism for marketing of Minor Forest Produce (MFP).
  • Marketing is done through Minimum Support Price (MSP).
  • ‘Van Dhan Vikas Kendras’ will provide skill upgradation and capacity building to the traditional knowledge of tribal people.
  • It seeks to to convert the tribal wisdom into a remunerative economic activity.
  • MFP is a major source of livelihood for tribals living in forest areas.
  • Tribals derive 20-40% of their annual income from MFP.
  • So, this will help in optimum utilization of natural resources and provide sustainable MFP based livelihood for tribals.
  • A typical Van Dhan Vikas Kendra shall constitute of 10 tribal Van Dhan Vikas Self Help Groups (SHG).
  • The grass root level procurement of MFP is proposed to be undertaken through SHG.
  • SHGs shall be appropriately trained on sustainable harvesting, primary processing & value addition of MFP.

Poshan Abhiyaan

  • The POSHAN Abhiyaan (National Nutrition Mission) is a flagship programme of the Ministry of Women and Child Development (MWCD).
  • It amis to achieve improvement in nutritional status of Children (0-6 years), Adolescent Girls, Pregnant Women and Lactating Mothers.
  • The NNM is as an apex body which monitor, fix targets and guide the nutrition related interventions across the Ministries.
  • It targets to reduce stunting, undernutrition, anemia and reduce low birth weight by 2%, 2%, 3% and 2% per annum respectively.
  • Mission 25 by 2022 – Although it targets to reduce stunting by 2%, Mission would strive to achieve reduction in Stunting from 38.4% (NFHS-4) to 25% by 2022.
  • Behavior change communication is the key component for converting it into Jan Andolan (People’s movement).
  • The Government of India and UNICEF have jointly signed the “Country Programme 2018-2022”.
  • The goal of the country programme is to contribute to national efforts to enable all children, especially the most disadvantaged, to have their rights progressively fulfilled.
  •  To develop their full potential in an inclusive and protective society.
  • UNICEF provides technical support to MWCD for the Programme.
  • It is also supporting in the following matters:
  1. In designing of all guidelines.
  2. Preparing Posters and Hoardings
  3. Preparation of audio visual.
  4. In preparation and designing of Jan Andolan Guidelines and
  5. In preparation of Dashboard/Google link for Jan Andolan.
  • Monitoring and evaluation of the programme will be anchored in the principles of results-based management and guided by verifiable data and statistics.

 

Source: PIB, The Indian Express

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