UPSC Daily Current Affairs| One Liners 31-12-2024

One Liners 31-12-2024

History, Art and Culture

Yadgir Fort

• It is one of the largest hill forts in Karnataka.
• Construction
  • Originally built by - Kalyana Chalukyas
  • Strengthened by - Yadava rulers
  • Expanded under – Muslim rulers

Geography

Pangong Lake

• It is also known as Pangong Tso.
• Located in – Himalayas.
• One-third of it lies in India and the other two-thirds in China.
• The Line of Actual Control (LAC), which separates Indian-controlled territory from Chinese-controlled territory, passes through the lake.
• Notable features – Ever-changing shades, ranging from deep blue to turquoise.
• It is the world's highest saltwater lake.

Social Issues

Total fertility rate (TFR)

• Definition – It estimates the average number of children a woman would have during her childbearing years.
• Calculated by – Adding up age-specific fertility rates, usually for women aged 15 to 49.
• Current status – According to the UN, the total fertility rate dipped in many countries.
• Two-thirds of the global population lives in a country or area where fertility is below 2.1 births per woman, the level where population can be stabilised.

Polity & Governance

National Human Rights Commission (NHRC)

Shri Justice V Ramasubramanian, former judge of the Supreme Court of India joins as the new Chairperson of the National Human Rights Commission, (NHRC).

• Established in – 1993.
• Statutory body – Established under Protection of Human Rights Act, 1993.
• Aim – To promote and protect human rights.
• Selection Committee – It recommends candidates to the President for the NHRC which includes
  • Prime Minister (Chairman)
  • Speaker of Lok Sabha
  • Union Home Minister
  • Deputy Chairman of Rajya Sabha
  • Leaders of the Opposition in both Houses of Parliament

International Relations and Issues

Durand Line

• It is the border line between Afghanistan and Pakistan.
• Established by – An agreement between Sir Mortimer Durand, the British Indian government's foreign secretary, and Abdur Rahman Khan, the Emir of Afghanistan.
• Signed in - 1893, in Kabul, Afghanistan.

McMahon Line

• It is de facto border between China and India in the Eastern Sector.

Radcliffe line

• It is the border line divides India and Pakistan.

Science

Bletchley Declaration

• It is an international agreement signed at the AI Safety Summit in Bletchley Park, United Kingdom in 2023.
• Signed by - 28 countries and the European Union.
• The United States, China, Japan, the United Kingdom, France, and India are signatories.
• Declaration – It is the 1^st global pact on tackling the risks of frontier artificial intelligence (AI).

Index

Sample

Migration and Development Brief

• It provides an update on recent developments in migration, remittance flows, and related policies.
• Prepared by - World Bank's Development Economics (DEC) Migration and Remittances Unit
• Zelinsky Model of Migration Transition – It suggests that the type of migration that occurs within a country is dependent on the country's development level and society type.

Miscellaneous

Kaamya Karthikeyan

• She became the youngest female (17 years) to ascend the 7 Peaks of the Continents.
• 7 mountains – Mt Kilimanjaro (Africa), Mt Elbrus (Europe), Mt Kosciuszko (Australia), Mt Aconcagua (South America), Mt Denali (North America), Mt Everest (Asia), and Mt Vinson (Antarctica).