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One Liners 31-01-2025
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History, Art and Culture
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Excavation of Iron knife
- Found in – Marungur archaeological site, Cuddalore district of Tamil Nadu.
- Found by – Tamil Nadu State Department of Archaeology (TNSDA).
- Iron knife – It is a broken knife made of iron weighing 23 grams.
- Measurement – 13 cm long and 2.88 mm thickness.
- Usage – It dates back to at least 5,300 years ago.
- It is the oldest date available for the Iron Age in India.
Discovery of 30 Inscriptions
- Found in – Abbana Bettu Basadi, Karnataka.
- It is 450-years old, and provided insights into Jain heritage.
- Spanning - Several centuries of Kalasa-Karkala Jain dynasty.
- The earliest inscription on 16th century dates back to the reign of Saluva Bhairarasa (Bhairarasa II).
- It records that Lakshmamanadevi, the wife of Saluva Bhairarasa, commissioned a list of 24 Tirthankaras and donated it to the basadi.
- Another 16th-century inscription reveals that it was commissioned by a patron named Devarasa.
- The inscriptions on the silver arches are the most recent among the discoveries, dating back to the 19th century.
- 30 inscriptions
- 29 inscriptions – Kannada script.
- 1 inscriptions – Nagari, bearing only the name of a Tirthankara.
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Geography
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Coronal Mass Ejections (CMEs)
- CMEs – They are magnetized plasma bubbles ejected from the Sun and evolve in the interplanetary medium.
- Appearance – It looks like huge, twisted rope, called as Flux Rope.
- Speed Range - Slower than 250 kilometers per second (km/s) to as fast as near 3000 km/s.
- They are the major drivers of perturbations in the Earth’s magnetic field, known as geomagnetic storms.
- Such storms can cause severe impacts on ground and space-based technological systems, such as communication disruptions, deorbiting satellites, and power grid failures.
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Polity & Governance
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Assistance to Drought Prone Areas
High-Level Committee (HLC) has approved project for catalytic assistance.
- Objective - To 12 most drought prone states.
- 12 states – Andhra Pradesh, Bihar, Gujarat, Jharkhand, Karnataka, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Odisha, Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu, Telangana and Uttar Pradesh.
- Funded by – National Disaster Mitigation Fund (NDMF).
Mitigation Scheme for Forest Fire Risk Management
Union Minister has approved the Mitigation Scheme for Forest Fire Risk Management.
- Objective – To transforming the forest fire management approach in the country.
- Implemented in – 144 high-priority districts in 19 states.
- 19 states – Andhra Pradesh, Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Chhattisgarh, Gujarat, Himachal Pradesh, Jharkhand, Karnataka, Kerala, Manipur, Maharashtra, Mizoram, Madhya Pradesh, Meghalaya, Nagaland, Odisha, Tamil Nadu, Telangana and Uttarakhand
- Funded by – National Disaster Mitigation Fund (NDMF) & National Disaster Response Fund (NDRF).
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Environment
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Coal
- Coal – It is a sedimentary deposit composed predominantly of carbon that is readily combustible.
- Color – Black or brownish-black.
- Composition – Inherent moisture consists of more than 50% by weight and more than 70% by volume of carbonaceous material.
- Formation – From plant remains that have been compacted, hardened, chemically altered and metamorphosed by heat and pressure over geologic time.
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Security
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Anti-Submarine Warfare Shallow Water Craft (ASW SWC)
- Objective – To undertake anti-submarine operations in coastal waters, Low Intensity Maritime Operations (LIMO) and Mine Laying Operations.
- Maximum speed - 25 knots.
- Endurance - 1800 NM.
- Capabilities
- Interdiction/ destruction of sub surface targets in coastal waters.
- Carrying out Search and Rescue by day and night.
- To prosecute intruding craft as part of LIMO.
Indian Naval Sailing Vessel (INSV) Tarini
INSV Tarini, successfully passed through Point Nemo, Oceanic Pole in South Pacific.
- INSV Tarini – It is a 56-foot sailing vessel built by Aquarius Shipyard Ltd.
- It was inducted in the Indian Navy on February 18, 2017.
- Under – Navika Sagar Parikrama-II.
- 2 women Navy officers, Dilna K. and Roopa A recently crossed Point Nemo ongoing global circumnavigation journey.
- Expedition – It is the most extended leg of the expedition, with a distance of approximately 5,600 nm (approximately 10,400 km).
- Point Nemo - Located in the South Pacific, which is the Oceanic Pole of inaccessibility, the most remote location on Earth.
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Miscellaneous
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International Zebra Day
- It is observed every year on 31 January.
- It is established to highlight the challenges zebras face in the wild.
- Highlights – The challenges zebras face in the wild.
- Zebra species – They are native to Africa, roam across countries like Kenya, Namibia, and South Africa.
- Threats – Habitat loss due to climate change and poaching.
- 3 species & Conservation status
- Grevy’s zebra – Endangered.
- Mountain zebra – Vulnerable.
- Plains zebra – Near-threatened.
World Neglected Tropical Diseases (NTDs) Day 2025
- It is observed annually on 30 January.
- It is an act to eliminate NTDs by making bold, sustainable investments to free the estimated 1.5 billion people.
- Theme – Unite, Act and Eliminate.
- NTDs – They are a diverse group of conditions caused by a variety of pathogens including viruses, bacteria, parasites, fungi and toxins.
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