The conflict between people and animals is one of the main threats to the continued survival of many species in India. Explain with relevant illustrations and recommend measures to prevent such conflicts in future. (200 Words)
Refer – Business Standard
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IAS Parliament 6 years
KEY POINTS
As human populations expand and natural habitats shrink, people and animals are increasingly coming into conflict over living space and food.
Reasons for conflicts
· The high death toll was likely because large numbers of people are dependent on forests for their livelihood. People going deep into the forests in search of food or forest produce run the risk of crossing the path of a tiger or a herd of elephants.
· Recently in Pandharkhawada, Maharashtra, Tigress Avni was shot dead by forest officials because of killing humans.
· Development projects shrinks the wildlife corridors and affects the home range of the species. Recently two elephants got mowed down while crossing the railway tracks; Bird hits near airports;Ecological light pollution affecting the insects locomotion.
· Electric fences are also killoing animals like elephants, tigers etc.
· Hunting animals for their precious bones ,claws, ivory.
· Effects of Climate change resulting drying up of reservoirs in jungles.
Measures to reduce human-animal conflicts
· Constructing of wildlife corridors in crucial areas especially near buffer zones in protected areas.
· Use of acoustic device like harmonyQ3 in farms to ward off animals.
· Construction of water points in jungles at appropriate places.
· Initiative like Plan Bee to prevent elephant crossing the railway tracks.
· Preserving the prey base of the carnivores.
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