17/09/2022 - Society

KEY POINTS

·        The average number of children per woman in the reproductive age group has declined by 50%, from an average of five children per woman in 1951 to 2.4 children in 2020, according to the World Population Prospects 2022.

·        The Indian setting is no different, with its fertility rate falling below the replacement level for the first time to 2.0 in 2021, according to the latest National Family Health Survey (NFHS).

·        A fall in fertility rate beyond replacement level would have a negative effect on the proportion of the working population, which in turn will affect output in an economy.

·        An ageing population will also affect global interest rates negatively as the share of people over 50 years will form almost 40% of the population by 2100. In their book T

·        The fall in fertility around the globe has been a result of decades of demographic process, and hence needs scientific and sustainable policies for mitigation.

·        Though the benefits of demographic dividend are being reaped, the below replacement level fertility rate would mean a smaller dividend window than expected.

·        India, like other countries in the globe, would need to be equipped to aid the patter of more tiny feet sooner or later.

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