29/09/2022 - International Relations

• • The Bay of Bengal has acted as a channel between the East and the West in terms of not just for trade but also for the exchange of culture.
  • Geo-economic and geopolitics: The increased focus, reorientation and realignment of global economic and military power towards Indo-Pacific and Asia have further increased the significance of the Bay of Bengal region.
• Economic significance:  It houses key  communication that are crucial for global economic security and energy security and provides impetus to the economies of several countries in the region. 
• Maritime domain:
  • The region is home to a biodiverse marine environment and unique geological features as it is a partially enclosed sea. 
  • Several rare and endangered marine species and mangroves, are found here.

Challenges associated with the Bay of Bengal region

• Non-convention threats such as terrorism and challenges arising due to climate change have become more prevalent in the Bay of Bengal region.
•  Rapid transformation, as the major powers have increased their economic and geopolitical influence on the region.
• The political and cultural engagement in the region along with the economic competition between the countries have taken on new dimensions. 
• Widespread exploitation is causing large scale extinction of species.
• Challenges such as population growth, changes in land use patterns, excessive exploitation of resources, salinisation of water, and increase in sea levels due to climate change are putting more substantial pressure on the region’s environment. 
• Further, in recent times, newer challenges such as operational discharge from small and medium feeder ships, shipping collisions, unintentional oil spills, industrial waste pollution, and the accumulation of non-biodegradable plastic waste are also resulting in aggravation of the crisis in the region.
• All the above causes have resulted in the formation of a dead zone in the region and are impacting mangrove.
• The regional marine entities must work towards balancing various opportunities and goals on a national, regional, and international scale

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