Daily Mains Practice Questions 07-02-2023

Q. 3 VDG

KEY POINTS

·        Rural areas saw the fastest reduction in Multidimensional Poverty Index. Deprivations in sanitation, cooking fuel and housing fell the most from 2015-16 to 2019-21.

·        85 million women in over eight million self-help groups of the Livelihood Mission offer unprecedented social capital, providing opportunity for human development, credit access, enterprise, and sustainable poverty reduction through diversified livelihoods.

·        The Central Government can make it mandatory that no funds will be released for these 29 sectors to States that do not comply with the Constitutional mandate for decentralised governance.

·        Human resources, technology as a means, hand-holding and partnerships will all have to be thrust areas for effectiveness.

·        MGNREGS is seen as a decentralised resource for poverty reduction, mitigating global warming, and aiding human well-being.

·        Studies have established its efficacy in water conservation, basic infrastructure, and income from animal resources through convergence.

·        MGNREGS is the only programme where women comprise more than 50 per cent of the wage earners even at the national level.

·        Sikkim transformed through MGNREGS in spring-shed development to provide drinking water, animal sheds for dairy and for high value organic farming.

·        It is only through a co-ordinated and convergent action on education, livelihoods, nutrition, health, employment, and skills that a breakthrough is possible.

KEY POINTS 

·        The higher prices of what are essential imports for net oil-importing and food-importing countries also puts pressure on their trade balances.

·        Meanwhile, the impact of the war and related sanctions on supply chains and disruption of trade routes can adversely affect exports.

·        Several Indian analysts currently put forward these explanations of the Indian economy’s poor trade performance and rising trade deficits in recent months.

·        It’s worth looking more closely at the composition of trade to see what exactly has been happening to cause this decline in merchandise exports.

·        But several other export categories also showed mild increase or at least stability, such as electronic goods, drugs and chemicals, gems and jewellery and readymade garments.

·        The decline in other export categories such as rice and textiles probably reflected domestic policies, with export bans and other measures designed to keep domestic prices down.

·        For example, as domestic food price inflation increased, the government imposed bans on rice and wheat exports. The ban on non-basmati rice exports has only recently been lifted.

·        Ultimately, these trade patterns suggest that the increasing merchandise trade deficits in India cannot be blamed on external or global factors.

·        They are likely much more the result of domestic economic tendencies, and therefore should be of greater concern for policymakers.

KEY POINTS

·        There have been several terror-related incidents in the region of Jammu division over the last year with the gravest of them so far having been committed in Dangri village in Rajouri district at the beginning of the year.

·        Since Dangri happened, the demand for a revival of the erstwhile Village Defence Committees (VDC) has emerged from different quarters.

·        As in the policy, the VDGs were to instil a sense of self protection, with the district’s superintendent of police mandated to exercise command and control.

·        VDCs have proved to be counterproductive, with instances of cadres abusing their authority and even facing allegations of human rights violations.

·        Given the lower levels of insurgency and state support, a ‘false notion of power’ developing in the minds of VDC cadre is quite natural, leading to potentially adverse fallouts.

·        Panchayats are most suited to understand local dynamics in a conflict zone that change rapidly from one sub-region to the other.

·        Panchayats could be entrusted with the task of assisting the local police in an institutionalised manner.

·        Entrusting local bodies to manage the VDGs would elicit a positive vibrancy from the population that normally does not manifest when a measure is enforced top down in a bureaucratic manner.

Q .3

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