Geography

Discuss the factors that affect Indian Mansoon and explain its mechanism.

Answer 

Factors affecting the Indian Monsoon and Its Mechanism

Physiography

1. Existence of the Himalayan and the Tibetan plateau:

• The jet streams that lie about 12 km in the troposphere are bifurcated by the Himalayan Mountains and the Tibetan Plateau

2. Triangular relief structure of south Indian land mass:

• This results in two branches of south west monsoon.
• The Arabian Sea branch covers more area than the Bay of Bengal branch

Temperature

• Movement of ITCZ.

• The differential heating and cooling of the landmass of Asia and the Indian Ocean.
• Strong vertical air currents from Tibetan plateau.

Direction of rain bearing winds

• Movement of westerly jet streams to the north of Himalayas.
• Presence of easterly jet streams in the Indian peninsula.

Seasonal distribution of rainfall

• Rainfall is mostly dependent on the monsoonal seasons

Amount of rainfall

• It is not same all over India, it depends upon origin of monsoonal winds.

Form of precipitation

• The occurrence of heavy-light snow over the Himalayan region, due to artic cold winds.

Global climatic phenomenon

• El Nino and La Nina.

• High pressure area in East of Madagascar-It lies in the path of SW monsoonal winds.