National Single Window System (NSWS)

• The National Single Window System (NSWS) is a digital platform for guidance of investors to identify and to apply for approvals as per their business requirements. 
• The Know Your Approvals (KYA) module supports information across 32 Central Departments and 17 States.
• However, there may be other approvals required that the investors may like to check at their own discretion.
• Currently, the portal hosts applications for approvals from 21 Central Departments and 16 State Governments.
• The platform is built to serve as an advisory tool to identify approvals based on user input and is to be used for guidance purpose only.
• Currently, 24 of the 32 Ministries/Departments have on-boarded NSWS, and with respect to services, 181 out of the total 368 services identified as relevant, have been on-boarded.
• Invest India, under the guidance of the Department for Promotion of Industry and Internal Trade (DPIIT), manages the National Single Window System project.
• It is involved in conceptualizing and designing the portal, on boarding of the various Ministries and States, maintaining the portal, and monitoring the performance of the portal.

Kushiyara River

• It originates from the northern hills of Assam in India as river Barak.
• It flows further creating the border between Nagaland and Manipur states.
• The river enters Bangladesh in Kachar district, it then separates into two branches.
• The northwest arm is the surma and the south western arm is the Kushiyara.
• The Kushiyara rejoins with the Surma at Markuli in Ajmiriganj upazila and flows south upto Bhairab Bazar receiving the name Kalni.
• The Kalni meets with the Dhanu, a branch of the Surma and renamed as the meghna.

The Agreement

• India and Bangladesh share 54 rivers.

• India and Bangladesh signed an interim water sharing agreement for Kushiyara River, the first such pact since the signing of the Ganga water treaty in 1996.
• The pact will benefit people residing in southern Assam and the Sylhet division of Bangladesh.

Dematerialisation (DEMAT)

• Dematerialization (DEMAT) is the move from physical certificates to electronic bookkeeping.
• DEMAT accounts are required by some trading institutions due to the fact they are the most accurate form of record keeping.
• Dematerialization was designed to offer more security, as well as increased speed, to financial trades.
• It is not mandatory for an investor to have a dematerialisation account to purchase or redeem mutual fund shares.
• India’s demat account tally topped the 100 million-mark for the first time
• The DEMAT account tally isn’t representative of unique investor count in the country.
• Dematerialization applies not only to stocks, but also to other forms of investment such as bonds, mutual funds, and government securities.

Legionellosis Disease

• The bacterium L. pneumophila was first identified in 1977, as the cause of an outbreak of severe pneumonia in a convention centre in the USA in 1976.
• The most common form of transmission of Legionella is inhalation of contaminated aerosols produced in conjunction with water sprays, jets or mists of contaminated water sources.
• Infection can also occur by aspiration of contaminated water or ice, particularly in susceptible hospital patients.
• Legionnaires’ disease has an incubation period of 2 to 10 days (but up to 16 days has been recorded in some outbreaks).
• Treatments exist, but there is currently no vaccine available for Legionnaires' disease.
• Death occurs through progressive pneumonia with respiratory failure and/or shock and multi-organ failure.
• Untreated Legionnaires’ disease usually worsens during the first week.

Largest economies of the world

• India has overtaken the U.K. to become the world’s fifth-largest economy and is now behind only the US, China, Japan, and Germany.
• A decade back, India was ranked 11th among large economies while the U.K. was in the fifth position.
• India has a population 20 times that of the U.K. and so its GDP per capita is lower.

The Ranking based on the GDP