Dharti Aba Janjati Gram Utkarsh Abhiyan

• Dharti Aba Janjati Gram Utkarsh Abhiyan was launched on 2nd October 2024, on the birth anniversary of Mahatma Gandhi.
• It is built on learnings from PM-JANMAN scheme that was launched in November 2023.
• Objectives – To eliminate critical gaps in social infrastructure, health, education and livelihoods.
• To ensure holistic and sustainable development of tribal areas and communities.
• To provide quality education to approximately 3.5 lakh tribal students.
• Implementation – It is implemented through 25 schemes, initiatives and coordinated efforts of 17 Government of India Ministries.
• Features of the scheme:
• Villages Covered – 63,843 villages.
• Beneficiaries – Over 5 crore tribal people.
• Geographical Spread – 549 districts and 2,911 blocks across 30 States/UTs.
• Educational Infrastructure – 40 new Eklavya Vidyalayas inaugurated and foundation stone laid for 25 new schools.

Analakhya

The Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur (IIT-K) recently announced a significant advancement in stealth technology and named it as Analakhya that could render combat systems.

• Analakhya is a meta-material surface cloaking system (MSCS) which is designed to revolutionize stealth technology for defense and security applications.
• It is developed by the Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur (IIT-K).
• MSCS is expected to play a crucial role in the DRDO's development of the Advanced Medium Combat Aircraft (AMCA), an indigenous stealth fighter being designed to evade enemy air defence radars.
• The system is currently under acquisition by the Indian armed forces, signalling its strategic importance to national security.
• Over 90% of the material for the Analakhya MSCS is sourced indigenously.
• This Stealth technology employs two key mechanisms to evade enemy radar detection.
• The first involves designing external surfaces with small jagged panels that disperse radar waves, in contrast to flat surfaces that reflect signals back to enemy radar systems.
• The second mechanism focuses on surface composition.
• Unlike flat, metallic surfaces that reflect radar waves and facilitate detection, absorptive surfaces capture a significant portion of synthetic aperture radar (SAR) waves, reducing visibility.

Jarawa Tribe

For the first time in the history of India's election process, 19 members from Jarawa Tribe in Andaman and Nicobar Islands had been included on the electoral roll of the special summary revision-2025.

• The Jarawas are inhabiting presently the Western coast of Middle Andaman and South Andaman Islands.
• They are hostile and, at times, enter into areas where the Bengali and other people have been settled by the Government.
• The Andaman & Nicobar Administration have started the Contact Expeditions periodically to Jarawas to befriend them.
• The first friendly contact was made in 1974 and since then the Jarawas are not hostile to the Contact Team which go with gifts like Coconut, Banana and other fruits.
• Jarawas continue to be hunting and gathering nomadic tribe.
• They hunt wild pigs, monitor lizard with bows and arrows.
• Unlike Onges and Andamanese, Jarawas do not use dogs for hunting.
• The population of Jarawas is 240 as per the census 2001.
• Article 325 – It states that there shall be one general electoral roll for every territorial constituency for election to either House of Parliament or to the House or either House of the Legislature of a State.
• It also stated that no person would be excluded from the rolls on account of religion, race, caste, sex or any of them.

Alliance of Small Island States (AOSIS)

• The Alliance of Small Island States (AOSIS) is an intergovernmental organization which was established in 1990 during the Second World Climate Conference in Geneva.
• AOSIS plays an integral role in carrying out advocacy for small island states and influencing international environmental policy.
• A priority area of advocacy for AOSIS has been global climate change and its detrimental socio-economic and environmental effects on small island states.
• In this regard, the Alliance has been closely linked with climate policy and specifically with the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC).
• Small Island Developing States (SIDS) are a distinct group of 39 States and 18 Associate Members of United Nations regional commissions that face unique social, economic and environmental vulnerabilities.
• SIDS were recognized as a special case both for their environment and development at the 1992 United Nations Conference on Environment and Development held in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
• New Collective Quantified Goal (NCQG) calls on all actors to work together to scale up financing to developing countries for climate action from all public and private sources to at least USD 1.3 trillion per year by 2035.
• It sets a goal of at least USD 300 billion per year by 2035 for developing countries' climate action.
• It is supported by developing country blocs, including Like-Minded Developing Countries (LMDC), AOSIS, Independent Alliance of Latin America and the Caribbean.

EKLAVYA

Indian Army has recently launched ‘EKLAVYA’, an online digital platform for officers’ training.

• EKLAVYA is an online learning platform for the Indian Army.
• The Eklavya software platform has been developed under the aegis of Headquarters Army Training Command with Army War College as the sponsor agency.
• The platform has been developed at zero cost through “Bhaskaracharya National Institute of Space Applications and Geoinformatics” (BISAG-N) along with support from Directorate General of Information Systems.
• A total of 96 courses by 17 Category ‘A’ Training Establishments of the Indian Army have already been hosted on the platform.
• There are 3 categories of courses hosted on the Eklavya platform.
• The first category is the ‘Pre-Course Preparatory Capsules’, which has study material for all offline physical courses being conducted at various Category ‘A’ training establishments.
• The aim is to shift the “basics” to the online courses so that physical courses have more and more contemporary content with a focus on the “application part”.
• It will help to decongest the existing courses while generating time for adding emerging concepts as per the changing character of warfare.
• The second category of courses are the “appointment or specific assignment-related courses”.
• Officers on getting posted to some of the specialist appointments have to learn the craft by getting on-the-job training (OJT) and therefore, it takes a finite amount of time for them to function with full efficiency in those appointments.
• Some of such appointments are in the domain of information warfare, defence land management, financial planning, discipline and vigilance, works, provost, veteran affairs etc.
• The third category of courses is the “Professonal Development Suite” to include courses on Strategy, Operational Art, Leadership, Organisational Behaviour, Finance, Art of Reading, Power Writing, Emerging Technology etc.