Katarniaghat Wildlife Sanctuary (KWS):

• KWS is a protected area in the Upper Gangetic plain of Uttar Pradesh which was stablished under the 'Project Tiger' initiative in 1987.  Statement 1 is correct.
• Katarniaghat is located in the Bahraich district of Uttar Pradesh, whereby it shares an international border with Nepal. Statement 3 is not correct.
• The Katerniaghat Forest provides strategic connectivity between tiger habitats of Dudhwa and Kishanpur in India and the Bardia National Park in Nepal.
• It is home to a number of endangered species including gharial, tiger, rhino, Gangetic dolphin, swamp deer, hispid hare, Bengal florican, and the white-backed and long-billed vultures. Statement 2 is correct.
• Its fragile Terai ecosystem comprises a mosaic of sal and teak forests, lush grasslands, numerous swamps and wetlands.

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Sovereign Green Bonds :

• Green bonds are debt instruments issued by governments, corporations, and multilateral banks to raise funds for projects that reduce emissions or enhance climate resilience. Statement 1 is correct.
• In India, the framework for Sovereign Green Bonds was issued by the government in November 2022, aiming to mobilize resources for green infrastructure and reduce the economy's carbon intensity.
• The Department of Economic Affairs (DEA) under the Ministry of Finance  (not RBI) is responsible for overseeing the allocation of proceeds from Sovereign Green Bonds. Statement 2 is not correct.

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Species and their IUCN Conservation Status:

• The Gharial (Gavialis gangeticus), also known as fish-eating crocodile, is a crocodilian in the family Gavialidae and among the longest of all living crocodilians. It is listed as Critically Endangered on the IUCN Red List. Pair 1 is not correct.
• The Bengal florican (Houbaropsis bengalensis), also called the Bengal bustard, is a bustard species native to the Indian subcontinent, Cambodia, and Vietnam. It is listed as Critically Endangered on the IUCN Red List. Pair 2 is correct.
• The Barasingha (Rucervus duvaucelii), also known as the swamp deer, is a deer species distributed in the Indian subcontinent. It is listed as Vulnerable on the IUCN Red List. Pair 3 is correct.
• The Gangetic dolphin, also known as the Ganges river dolphin, is an endangered species living in the Ganges and related rivers of India, Nepal, and Bangladesh. Pair 4 is correct.

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Exercise Komodo :

• It is a multilateral naval exercise conducted by Indonesia .Option (a) is not correct.
• It focuses on maritime interoperability, disaster relief, humanitarian assistance and regional security cooperation in the Indo-Pacific region.
• From India, INS Mumbai & the P8I aircraft of Indian Navy had participated in the Exercise.
• This Exercise reaffirmed India's commitment to engage with the regional Navies to maintain Security and Growth for All in the Region (SAGAR).

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Nanha Sa Dil:

• Nanha Sa Dil is a unique Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) initiative by Coal India Limited (CIL) in collaboration with the Sri Sathya Sai Health & Education Trust (SSSHEt). Statement 1 is correct.
• The initiative aims to provide life-saving surgeries for children suffering from Congenital Heart Disease (CHD) and focuses on early diagnosis, screening, and treatment of CHD in communities that often lack resources for specialized healthcare. Statement 2 is correct.
• Since its launch on March 7, 2024, the Nanha Sa Dil project has already saved over 250 children through CHD surgeries.
• Now, CIL is expanding the initiative to include beneficiaries across multiple states through its subsidiaries, including CCL, NCL, and SECL

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